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Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops without removal

In the patented bedding with wedges of polymer concrete, joints between 2.5 and 5.5 cm can be pointed up.

The exact and stepless height regulation is achieved by means of mutual movement together of two different types of wedges with different heights , whose radii are adapted to that of the manhole top.

(Image: Working sequence in the lifting of the frame of the manhole top by means of polymer concrete wedges [FI-AcoSe] - Lifting the manhole frame …

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops without removal

(Image: Lowering a manhole frame by means of joint cuts with the aid of a milling cutter with reference to [FI-Loos] [Image: S&P GmbH])

Nov 16, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

The height levelling of manhole tops with removal is always carried out when the surrounding cover layer is also damaged by the formation of cracks, deformation, etc. .

 (Image: Positional deviation of the frame of a manhole top [City of Düsseldorf, Germany])

Procedure:

  • removal of the surrounding covering and carrier layers as well as the damaged manhole top and bearing rings
  • cleaning of repair area
  • installation of the new manhole top and level regulation

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Removal:

  • stemming out, milling, cutting, drilling

Level regulation by means of:

  • regulation mortar
  • plastic adjusting units
  • mastic asphalt inclusion
  • steel spring elements
  • separation of manhole top and manhole

Reinsertion of cover and carrier layer:

  • paving the frame by casting the joints with bitumen
  • inclusion with mastic asphalt without and with the application of meltable or self-adhesive bitumen joint strips

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Removal:

  • stemming out, milling, cutting, drilling

Example: Stemming out the manhole top

(Image: Chiselling of the road surface in the manhole top region using a jackhammer) (Image: Loosening the manhole frame from its support using the jackhammer) (Image: Loosening the support ring using the jackhammer)

Example: Drilling over the manhole top

(Image: Manhole frame remover type "Shark") (Image: Drilling out the asphalt cover using the manhole …

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Level regulation by means of:

  • regulation mortar
  • plastic adjusting units
  • mastic asphalt inclusion
  • steel spring elements
  • separation of manhole top and manhole

Height levelling by regulation mortar: Procedure 1

(Image: Chiselling of the road surface in the manhole top region using a jackhammer) (Image: Loosening the manhole frame from its support using the jackhammer) (Image: Loosening the support ring using the jackhammer)

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Procedure 2

(Image: Cleaning the working space with the aid of the dirt pan and a shovel) (Image: Applying the mortar to the top surface of the manhole taper) (Image: Adjusting the height of the support ring using a hammer and wooden edge)
(Image: Applying the mortar to the top surface of the support ring) (Image: Adjusting the height of the manhole frame using a hammer and wooden edge) (Image: Smoothing the mortar by means of a wet brush)

Nov 17, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Other developments have the aim, instead of cement grout, of inserting equalising rings of plastics, which, because of their lower modulus of elasticity, reduce the loading peaks of the dynamic loads on manhole top and manhole caused by the traffic. The suitability of such special rings has been proven by comprehensive in-situ and laboratory tests [Stein98a].

(Image: Underfilling the frame of the manhole top with the aid of polyethylene equalising …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

A comparable construction is offered by the creation of the joint intermediate layers and surrounding the manhole top with mastic asphalt with the use of a metal manhole shell .

 (Image: Manhole top with mastic asphalt inclusion [FI-Beck](Beck))

Mastic asphalt is a dense mass of crushed stones, sand, fillers and road construction bitumens, the mineral compound of which is composed nearly free of cavities. The content of binders is adjusted to the …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

In order to include the manhole top into mastic asphalt, the side bedding of the frame of the manhole top as well as the intermediate gap between the frame of the manhole top and the manhole taper is carried out by means of the same material – mastic asphalt.

Mastic asphalt is a good alternative for the rehabilitation of manhole tops due to its sufficient strength and good resistance to loads deriving from frost alternations or from the application …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

The application of steel spring elements for the height regulation of manhole tops has the following aims:

  • substitution for mortar joints and bearing rings,
  • height regulation during operation,
  • damping of dynamic traffic loads.
(Image: Vertically adjustable manhole top with spring element)

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

(Image: Separation of manhole and manhole top)

Other processes for re-installation and rehabilitation of manhole tops, in the case of a height levelling with cover removal, have the aims of a relief of the bedding of the frame of the manhole cover by transferring its loads to the bordering carrier layer of the street surface. The purpose of this is to achieve a longer useful life.

Load removal above manhole top

(Image: Separation of manhole top and …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

(Image: Installing a Selflevel manhole top into a bituminous cover layer [FI-GAV] - Surface of approx. 1.20 x 1.20 m opened up) (Image: Installing a Selflevel manhole top into a bituminous cover layer [FI-GAV] - Inner shuttering and joint tape placed into the adapter ring) (Image: Installing a Selflevel manhole top into a bituminous cover layer [FI-GAV] - Introducing the bituminous materials) (Image: Installing a Selflevel manhole top into …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

(Video: Repair of a manhole with reference to the SSU-System)

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Reinsertion of cover and carrier layer:

  • paving the frame by casting the joints with bitumen
  • inclusion with mastic asphalt without and with the application of meltable or self-adhesive bitumen joint strips

Example: Paving the frame by casting the joints with bitumen

(Image: Height regulation of manhole top with removal [City of Düsseldorf] - Detail region) (Image: Height regulation of manhole top with removal [City of Düsseldorf] - Pointing with …

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

(Image: Distributing and smoothing the mortar) (Image: Placing the paving stones) (Image: Filling the joints)
(Image: Filled joints) (Image: Filling the remaining joints with the bituminous material) (Image: Newly installed manhole top with jointed paving stone surround)

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Height levelling of manhole tops with removal

Bitumen joint strips serve to improve the connection between different materials, e.g. "splittmastix" and mastic asphalt and thus to prevent the formation of cracks and opening seams.

For conventional bitumen joint strips, an even edge is required as contact area [ZTVFugStB01]. The removal of the surrounding cover and carrier layer should be carried out by milling and boring. Before the joint strip is applied, the edge must be cleaned and pre-treated …

Nov 16, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Nov 20, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Rehabilitation failures

(Image: Attention!)

One of the most frequent rehabilitation failures is the use of mortar systems of unsuitable compositions and/or their unprofessional application on the construction site.

The reason for this is that the different types of cement mortar applied in practice have significantly different material properties. This regards especially insufficient resistances to frost-dew changes and/or frost and thawing salts.

Possible sources of …

Nov 16, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Nov 16, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 3: Adjustment and Replacement of Manhole Covers

Nov 16, 2006

Modules

Manholes perform a variety of functions, they are used to connect pipelines, to change direction and/or elevation, to provide access for personnel and/or equipment, and to provide aeration and ventilation to the drain and sewer system. Like sewers and pipes, defective manholes need to be repaired.

This module covers the regulation and replacement of manhole covers.

After completing this module, you will have a sound knowledge of:

  • damage and consequences of defective manhole covers;
  • variants of level regulation;
  • rehabilitation errors;
  • naming quality assurance measures and
  • developing rehabilitation proposals.

Jan 01, 1900

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 2: Climbing Aids, Defects, Joints

The lecture series "Repair of manholes made of concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry" presents several possibilities for repairing manholes.

The second part of the series is about smaller repairs like e.g. the repair of steps, the reparation of surface defects as well as the rehabilitation of joints in masonry sewers.

The aim of the lecture is to provide an overview of the implementation of such measures.

Nov 13, 2006

Modules

Repair of Concrete, Reinforced Concrete and Brick Manholes – Part 2: Climbing Aids, Defects, Joints

Repair of steps

The compound of the old and new concrete frequently represents a weak point. Therefore, it is advisable to dowel the new step irons into the manhole wall instead of cementing them in. This leads to a better compound of the new step iron and the existing manhole wall. That is why a dowelled step iron can bear higher loads than a cemented one.

(Image: Defective (1) or missing (2) step irons)

Damages according to DIN EN 13508

  • damaged steps (DAQ)
    • loose …

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