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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components (Image: Attention!) (Image: Requirements on manholes - Leak-tight - Stressing of manhole by external water pressure e.g. with in-situ groundwater) All parts of a manhole, inclusive of its connections, must be designed and manufactured in a way that ensures a constant water tightness against inside and outside water pressure under all the possible loading conditions and across its entire service life span. In leaktightness tests, prefabricated manhole … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Vertical loads must be transferred evenly and not springily. These requirements are not met by older seal types. (Image: Overview of the joint seals) |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Cement mortar seals This sealing can be used when there is no groundwater and no particular requirement for sealing (this does not apply to special mortars with special characteristics). The edges to be sealed must be wetted before applying mortar. Bituminous binder seals In addition to joint sealing an additional waterproofing measure can be applied to manholes located within the groundwater zone by applying a sealing coat to the outside of the manhole. |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Plastic seals The strips and putties used needed to possess sufficient stability. During installation the required pre-coatings had to be applied to the surfaces to be sealed. The installation of the shaft rings had to be carried out using spacers, e.g. by the use of mortar in the outer and inner joints (see image). (Image: Sealing of manhole rings using plastic seals (in groundwater) in accordance with ATV-A 241) (Image: Attention!) Since 1990 the use … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Elastic seals Elastic seals can be used for prefabricated components with coupling components that are designed in the form of sleeves or bell sockets. The seals are dimensioned under consideration of the available dimensions (Image: Jointing of shaft rings by means of rolling-ring gasket with reference to [Röhl77] [Image: S&P GmbH]) (Image: Jointing of shaft rings by means of sliding ring with reference to [Röhl77] [Image: S&P GmbH]) At first, mostly … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Currently the sealing of joints between precast manhole components is performed exclusively using elastomer seals as per DIN EN 681 and DIN 4060. (Image: Shaft ring sealings of elastomers) (Image: Shaft ring sealings of elastomers with reference to [FI-Denso] [Image: S&P GmbH] – sealing ring with dense structure for spigot ends according to DIN 4034-1) (Image: Shaft ring sealings of elastomers with reference to [FI-Denso] [Image: S&P GmbH] – sealing … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Shown here are further examples of elastomer seals currently used for the sealing of joints between precast manhole components. Ring seals using elastomer load transfer gaskets have been in use for approximately 30 years. (Image: Sand filled elastomer pressure transfer element with reference to [FI-Prinz] [Image: S&P GmbH]) (Image: Manhole joint and load transfer ring of eleastomer material (Twinseal) with reference to [FI-Forsh] [Image: S&P GmbH]) (… |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components According to DIN EN 1917, other sealing elements are permissible as long as these comply with the leaktightness criteria of the manufacturer (Image: Component joints according to DIN EN 1917 [DINEN1917a] – elastomeric sealing) (Image: Component joints according to DIN EN 1917 [DINEN1917a] – elastomeric, plastomeric or other sealing media) (Image: Component joints according to DIN EN 1917 [DINEN1917a] – elastomeric, plastomeric or other sealing media) |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components (Image: Attention!) (Image: Possible positional deviations of manholes) During the installation of the manhole structure the native soil is disturbed and thus becomes prone to settling, it must therefore be expected that positional alteration between manhole and pipes will occur. For a long time no attention was paid to this problem which resulted in a relatively high proportion of damage occurrences in the service pipes and connection sewers in the … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Already in the 1970s, flexible pipe connections between manhole and sewer structure walls came into use in order to mitigate breakages resulting from shear loadings. The connection pieces and fittings must be in accordance with the corresponding pipe standards. This requirement was also valid for subsequently installed connections which were implemented in practice by an arrangement of flexible pipe joints as close as possible to the manhole in the … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components The connection of the pipes to the manholes and structures requires a double joint design on both ends of the pipe towards all incoming and outgoing sewers and drains. The integrally moulded sockets or inserted fittings have to comply with the dimensions of the pipes (rocker pipes) that are to be connected to them. [DINV4034-1:2004] (Image: Attention!) A break in the concrete bedding is necessary at the joint connections in order to allow for movement. … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components As for the joint production, the following two variants have proven successful:
Both variants are briefly described on the following pages. |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Variant 1 – Producing a flexible joint ahead of the manhole wall This variant is characterised by the creation of the double flexibility joint before the manhole wall. The connecting pieces include either sockets and/or spigot ends which are correspondingly cut from concrete or reinforced concrete pipes or pipes of other materials that are installed into existing or subsequently made manhole connecting openings. (Image: Piping connenctions to manholes … |
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Aug 13, 2015 BE-01 Planning: Manholes and Structures Manholes made of pre-cast concrete and reinforced concrete components Variant 2 – Producing a flexible joint within the manhole wall In contrast to variant 1, in this case, a flexible joint is integrated into the manhole wall (Image). Usually, connecting pieces in the form of socket joints are cast into the manhole base unit prefabrications directly at the factory or glued into holes that are subsequently drilled into them, thus allowing for sewage pipelines of various materials to be connected to the manholes. (Image: … |
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Masonry structures in sewer systems that are newly built or rehabilitated have to be
The joints are to be smoothed out both on the inside and outside. In addition, the bricks have to … |
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The masonry bricks are distinguished by the following characteristics [ [DIN4051:2002]]: (Image: Sewer brick NF K according to DIN 4051) All-sides rectangular – Shape K (Image: Sewer brick B according to DIN 4051) Wedge-shaped (Image: Manhole brick C according to DIN 4051) Manhole brick - Shape C (Image: Wedge-shaped brick according to DIN 4051) Special dimensions (Round, manhole channel and benching brick) |
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In the case of shafts for drains and sewers with nominal sizes ≥ DN 700, these climbing aids can also be formed onto the pipes sidewise (tangentially). (Image: Prefabricated manhole of GRP with entry arranged at one side - Tangential shaft with change of direction [FI-HOBAS]) (Image: Installation of a prefabricated manhole of reinforced concrete (custom shape)) |
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Shafts and manholes should be equipped with climbing aids - single row or double row climbing steps or fixed or movable climbing ladders. By reason of the limited space- and site conditions, a uniform and standardized design of the climbing aids in all shafts and manholes of a drain and sewer system is very important in order to provide routine accessibility and reliability. In addition, suitable holdfasts are to be arranged on the upper end of the … |
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Step rings are defined as “components that can be mounted or fixed on the wall of a shaft or man-accessible structure in the underground in order to allow for a safe entry and exit”. [DINEN13101] The step rings can be arranged in a single row (image above) or double row (image below). The dimension defining the distance from one step ring to the next is determined to be 250 mm for both single- and double row step ring arrangements, in exceptional cases … |
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Climbing ladders are classified into removable (mobile) and permanently installed (fixed) ladders with side spars or centre spars. Subsequently, the latter will be presented in detail.
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According to DIN EN 14396, the ladders can be made of the following material:
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For the past several years and in addition to the climbing ladders of the above-mentioned materials, there are also climbing ladder- or climbing steps systems made of concrete (image left) as well as access shaft frames made of stainless steel (image right) available on the market, which are moulded into place right in the production process of the shaft ring or –taper. Particularly for the area of channels, it is recommended to use access shaft … |
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