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(Image: Installing a water pipeline in a casing pipe (annular space grouted) with reference to [DVGWAGW307] [Image: S&P GmbH]) In this case, the casing pipe provides the multiple functions of accepting the product pipe or cable, protecting them from external loads and, in case of failure, to act as a protective covering for the product pipe or cable. In addition, in connection with trenchless method, it serves as a means to create and/or support the … |
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A pulling head is placed at the end of the first pipe in the starting shaft, the winch cable is fastened and the pipe is pulled into the casing pipe until only the pipe connection region remains in the starting shaft. The next pipe is connected to it in a tensile restrained manner, e.g. by welding for steel pipes or for plastic pipes, by using screwed joints, special plug joints (Abschnitt 13), or tensile restrained steel slide rollers with tension … |
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For this method, the winch cable is pulled from the target shaft through the product pipe and the pulling force is applied to the last pipe still in the starting shaft by means of a pressure plate or cross piece situated at the rear end of the already jointed continuous pipe. In this way, the pipes are only … |
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In this insertion method, the pipes are pulled into the casing pipe individually and connected to each other at site. The fixing of the pipe string in position is carried out by fastening the first pipe in the target shaft. (Video: Discrete pipe process - Pulling-in of single pipes into the section) For pulling in pipes, use can be made, for instance of inflatable packers or a special pulling-in body onto which the pipe is pushed and whose end is provided … |
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In the pushing-in process, the individual pipes or pipe section are connected in the starting shaft and the lengthened pipe string is pushed in by the length of the added pipe(s). (Video: Pushing-in of discrete pipes by means of a hydraulic cylinder wired inside the neighbouring sewer - Principle sketch) The simplest method is by pushing in the pipe by hand using simple aids. This process, however, can only be used to a limited extent for:
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In contrast to the pulling-in and pushing-in processes, in which the required forces are applied directly to the pipe, in the drive process the forces are applied to special conveying devices onto which the pipes are placed or from which they are suspended. The driving-in process is almost exclusively utilized in manaccessible cross sections using the following special equipment:
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When undertaking the later insertion of product pipes into casing pipes previously installed using a trenchless method (Abschnitt 2.1.2), the type of installation varies depending on the loading of the individual pipes or pipeline caused by the installation as follows [Stein83c] :
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Grouting the annular space between the directly installed casing pipe or host pipe and a later installed product pipe can be beneficial depending on the local situation and application (e.g. crossing of steel gas and water pipes and pipes of ductile cast iron under traffic installations such as rail lines, roads and waterways [DVGWAGW307]). Grouting the annular space can achieve the following for the product pipe:
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In the following, single installations will be understood to be the separate installation of individual lines in a prepared line and gradient (e.g. in the road cross section to DIN 1998 [DIN1998] (Abschnitt 1.2)). Such installations can be carried out by means of (Bild 2)
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In connection with the following discussion of multiple installation, the term direct installation will be understood to mean the direct combined pulling-in of several product pipes and/or cables in the underground installed and temporarily stable cavity with the aid of a trenchless installation method (Abschnitt 5) (Abschnitt 6) (Abschnitt 7.1) (Abschnitt 8.1) (Abschnitt 9.1). The lines must be able to withstand the loads during the construction … |
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In loose installation of lines, usually cables, they are either pulled in or blown in (Abschnitt 2.1.2) separately one after the other or together (not bundled (Abschnitt 2.2.1)) in a single operation. In this case, adherence to spacing and arrangement is consciously dispensed with in order to have the possibility of removing individual lines for replacement by pulling them out at a later time (Bild 2.2.2.1) (Bild 2.2.2.1).
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In bundled installation, the pipes are tied together at specified spacings by means of plastic adhesive strips, cable binders or skids (Bild 2.2.2.2) (Bild 2.2.2.2) (Bild 2.2.2.2) (Bild 2.2.2.2). This ensures controlled guidance and, to a large extent, the maintenance of a prescribed bundle diameter. It is no longer possible to exchange individual lines by pulling them out.
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In group installation, the individual product and casing pipes are arranged and fixed in a controlled manner by means of multiple clamps or spacers and are inserted into the host pipe with the aid of rollers or skids (Bild 2.2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.2.3) (Abschnitt 2.1.3).
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(Image: Variations of the trenchless installation of lines) Host pipes are underground non-man-accessible or man-accessible pipes for the later insertion of several product lines or casing pipes of the same or different type. For trenchless installation and depending on the method, for the creation and/or support of the cavity that has been installed, host pipes must also be able to withstand the loads in the construction state (Abschnitt 14). If the … |
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Utility ducts are underground systems for the orderly installation of supply and/or disposal lines utilizing a structural shell for line fastening or support using dowels (Bild 2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.3), clip rings (Bild 2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.3), multiclamps (Bild 2.2.2.3) or line supports (Bild 2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.3) (Bild 2.2.3). The spacings between the lines are not filled in order to maintain the possibility of later access.
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A man-accessible utility tunnel, also called utility corridor or utilidor, is an enclosed corridor-like structure for the accessible installation of supply and/or disposal lines consisting of utility tunnel path as well as access, erection, ventilating, branch and joining structures [Stein02] [Stein94a] [Stein97d] [Stein98e]. Besides the functions of the utility duct (Abschnitt 2.2.3), the man-accessible utility tunnel as a geometrically restricted … |
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Product pipes, whose cross-sectional area is not fully utilized during operation, can also be used as line and gradient for other product lines. This idea is not new. For instance, the sewers of Paris, since their construction in the 19th Century, have been used at the same time for the installation of water, compressed air and cable lines (Bild 2.2.5) (Bild 2.2.5). These are installed in the upper part that is free even during heavy runoffs [Hobre90] … |
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(Image: Variations of the trenchless installation of lines) Multiple installation is understood to be the shared installation of several lines (one after the other or altogether), which may also be of different types, in the same line and gradient. It can be carried out by means of (Bild 2.2) :
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(Image: Variations of the trenchless installation of lines) In trenchless installation of cables and pipelines, a principal distinction can be made between the installation of single lines (single installation), or the joint installation of several lines, which may also be of different types, in the same line and gradient (multiple installation). An overview of further divisions can be found in Bild 2. |
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Jul 06, 2007 Trenchless Technology for Installation of Cables and Pipelines Optical measurement instruments (vertical and horizontal deviation) (Image: Principle and structure of the theodolite [Kahme97]) The theodolite is an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles (Bild 11.2.2.1). Its main components are the upper body rotating about the vertical axis, with the vertical graduated dial, the telescope rotating horizontally on a hinge pin, the lower body with the horizontal graduated dial as well as arrangements for reading the graduation divisions for levelling (equal to vertical … |
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Jul 06, 2007 Trenchless Technology for Installation of Cables and Pipelines Optical measurement instruments (vertical and horizontal deviation) (Image: Laser theodolite (PENTAX ETH-120 F) [FI-tacs] [FI-GeoFe]) The coupling of a directional laser with a theodolite results in the laser theodolite (Bild 11.2.2.3) [Colli84]. In this case the laser beam replaces the optical beam. It is beamed through the telescope and projects the light point on the target board. The laser theodolite can provide directions in space. Also, by rotating the theodolite about the vertical axis, the generation of horizontal … |
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One apparatus for hydrostatic height measurement is the hose water level. The principle of measurement is based on the physical property of fluids in connected containers of any cross section always to find the same level (communicating pipes). In the simplest case, one end of the hose is situated at the point of measurement (possibly in a sensor which, for instance, can be moved by a pipe) and, at the other end of the hose, the changes of height of … |
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Decisive for the size of the total earth or water pressures are the soil characteristics of the in-situ soil and the depth of the groundwater level. Should information on the earth characteristics from a geotechnical report (Abschnitt 4.5.2.5) not be available, the values must be taken from DIN 1055 [DIN1055c] or the "Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses Ufereinfassungen" (Recommendation of the Working Committee on Banks (of rivers)) [EAU1990] (Tabelle … |
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When dimensioning the individual lining elements, account must be taken of the final condition as well as all construction phases of their installation and possible removal [Weiße75b]. The respective permissible stresses of the individual lining elements must be taken from the "EAB - 100" [EAB100] and DIN 4124 [DIN4124:2002]. Particular conditions must be met in the manufacture of types of linings that can be used universally and are re-usable. They … |
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